Wossner Forged Piston Kit for BMW M3 2.3 16V OEM. Compression Ratio: 94.20mm, 10.8:1, 2312cc.

Name: ARP-203-4205 Head Studs for Toyota Supra JZA80 2JZ-GTE / Soarer 1JZ-GTE (1993-1998)

Brand: ARP

Part number: ARP-203-4205

Country of Manufacture: United States

It is no coincidence that virtually every top professional engine builder relies on ARP Pro Series head studs for their competition engines. Simply put, there is no better stud system

on the market today. ARP exclusively uses premium grade 8740 alloy and a proprietary ARP2000 alloy, which are far superior to aircraft quality alloy steels. Additionally, each stud is vertically
placed in special fixtures and heat-treated to a precise 190,000 psi for the 8740 material and 220,000 psi for the ARP2000 material. This procedure ensures complete thermal penetration, and the results are far superior to lower quality studs from other manufacturers who simply throw parts in a basket and hope for the best. It is important to note that lower quality studs are not even centerless ground; the material is roll-threaded (usually before heat treatment, when the material is easier to machine). Because ARP studs are manufactured to such precise tolerances, you'll find that gaskets and cylinder heads literally slide into place and are perfectly aligned, something that doesn't happen with inferior quality head studs.
Using studs makes engine assembly much easier (especially for a competition engine that needs frequent and quick servicing), as the cylinder head and gasket are guaranteed correct alignment.

Studs also provide a more accurate and consistent torque load. Here's why: when bolts are used to secure the cylinder head, the fastener is "twisted" as it is torqued. Therefore, the bolt reacts to two different forces simultaneously. A stud should be installed in a “relaxed” mode; never forcibly tighten it using a jammed nut. If everything is correct, the stud should be installed by hand. Then, when torquing the nut, the stud will stretch
only in the vertical axis. Remember that a shorter stud with a recess will have a similar stretch rate to a longer, standard shank stud. This provides a more even clamping force on the head.

ARP® - Automotive Racing Products is a manufacturer of fasteners/bolts found in engines and driveline systems, from OEM replacement parts to specialized hardware for racing applications. ARP is a world leader in fastener technology. These range from high-performance, quality OEM replacement parts to specialized hardware for Formula 1, IndyCar, NASCAR, NHRA drag racing, and marine applications. To ensure optimum quality control, ARP has become exceptionally self-sufficient, now controlling every aspect of the manufacturing process. This is how ARP has managed to establish a reputation as a leading brand in the market.