ACL Race main bearings .50, Suzuki Swift 1.3L G13A / G13B

Name: ARP 209-4301 Cylinder Head Studs for Opel Astra / Vectra / Calibra 2.0L 16V C20LET C20XE

Brand: ARP

Part Number: ARP-209-4301

Country of Manufacture: United States

It is no coincidence that virtually all top professional engine builders rely on ARP Pro Series cylinder head studs for their racing engines. Simply put, there is no better stud system

on the market today. ARP uses exclusively premium grade 8740 alloy and proprietary ARP2000 alloy, which are far superior to aircraft-quality alloy steels. Furthermore, each stud is placed vertically
in special racks and precisely heat-treated to 190,000 psi for 8740 material and 220,000 psi for ARP2000 material. This procedure ensures complete heat penetration, and the results are far superior to lower-quality studs from other manufacturers that simply toss parts into a bin and hope for the best. It is important to note that lower-quality studs are not even centerless-ground; the material is roll-threaded (usually before heat treatment, when the material is easier to machine). Because ARP studs are manufactured to such precise tolerances, you will notice that gaskets and cylinder heads literally slide into position and are perfectly aligned, which is not the case with lower-quality cylinder head studs.
Using studs makes engine assembly much easier (especially for a racing engine that requires frequent and rapid maintenance), as the cylinder head and gasket are guaranteed to be correctly aligned.

Studs also provide more accurate and consistent torque loading. Here is why: when bolts are used to secure the cylinder head, the fastener is "twisted" while the proper torque is applied. Therefore, the bolt reacts to two different forces simultaneously. A stud must be installed in a “relaxed” mode; never tighten it with force using a jammed nut. If everything is correct, the stud should be installed by hand. Then, when torquing the nut, the stud will stretch
only on the vertical axis. Remember that a shorter stud with a reduced shank will have a similar stretch rate to that of a longer standard shank stud. This provides more uniform clamping force on the head.

ARP® - Automotive Racing Products is a manufacturer of fasteners/bolts found in engines and drivelines, ranging from OEM replacement parts to specialty hardware for racing applications. ARP is a world leader in fastener technology. These range from high-performance OEM quality replacement parts to specialty hardware for Formula 1, IndyCar, NASCAR, NHRA drag racing, and marine applications. To ensure optimal quality control, ARP has become exceptionally self-reliant and now controls every aspect of the manufacturing process. This is how ARP has managed to establish a reputation as a leading brand in the market.