NGK 49494 U5499 Ignition Coil

Name: ARP 216-4301 Renault 2.0L (F4R) Cylinder Head Studs

Brand: ARP

Part Number: ARP-216-4301

Country of Manufacture: United States

It's no accident that virtually every top professional engine builder relies on ARP Pro Series head studs for their competition engines. Simply put, there isn't a better stud system

on the market today. ARP exclusively uses premium 8740 alloy and a proprietary ARP2000 alloy, which are vastly superior to aircraft quality alloy steels. Additionally, each stud is vertically placed
in special racks and precisely heat-treated to 190,000 psi for 8740 material and 220,000 psi for ARP2000 material. This procedure ensures complete heat penetration, and the results are far superior to lesser quality studs from other manufacturers who simply dump parts in a basket and hope for the best. It's important to note that lesser quality studs aren't even centerless ground; the material is threaded in bar form (usually before heat treating, when the material is easier to machine). Because ARP studs are manufactured to such exacting tolerances, you'll note that gaskets and cylinder heads literally glide into place and are perfectly aligned—something that doesn't happen with inferior quality head studs.
Using studs makes engine assembly much easier (especially in a competition engine, which must be serviced frequently and quickly), as the cylinder head and gasket are properly aligned.

Studs also provide more accurate and consistent torque loading. Here's why: when you use bolts to secure the cylinder head, the fastener "twists" as it's being torqued to the proper specification. Therefore, the bolt reacts to two different forces simultaneously. A stud should be installed finger-tight; never tighten it with force using a jammed nut. If everything is correct, the stud should be installed by hand. Then, when applying torque to the nut, the stud will stretch
only on the vertical axis. Remember that a shorter stud with a recess will have a similar stretch rate to a longer standard shank stud. This provides a more even clamping force on the head.

ARP® - Automotive Racing Products is a manufacturer of fasteners/bolts found in engines and driveline systems, from OEM replacement parts to specialty hardware for racing applications. ARP is a global leader in fastener technology. These range from high-performance, quality OEM replacement parts to specialty hardware for Formula 1, IndyCar, NASCAR, NHRA drag racing, and marine applications. To ensure optimal quality control, ARP has become exceptionally self-sufficient and now controls every aspect of the manufacturing process. This is how ARP has managed to establish a reputation as a leading brand in the market.